List of modern conflicts in the Middle East

Middle East
Countries (2011) Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt, *Gaza Strip, Iran, Iraq, *Iraqi Kurdistan, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, *Northern Cyprus, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, UAE, *Palestinian National Authority, Yemen

Note:

Date Conflict Location Casualties
1918–1922 Simko Shikak revolt [2] Persia 1,000–5,500
1918–1920 First Nejd-Hejaz War [3] Kingdom of Nejd Kingdom of Hejaz 1,392
1919 Egyptian Revolution of 1919 [4][5] Sultanate of Egypt 800-3,000
1919–1921 Franco-Syrian War Syrian Hashemite Kingdom Syria French Mandate 5,000
1919–1923 Turkish War of Independence (Asia Minor Catastrophe) [a]  Turkey  Greece  Armenia  Soviet Union 170,500–873,000
1920–1922 Iraqi revolt against the British [6] British Mandate of Mesopotamia 9,000
1921 Kuwait-Najd Border War [3] 1st Kingdom of Kuwait Sultanate of Nejd 200
1922–1924 Ikhwan raids on Transjordan [7] Transjordan 500
1923 Adwan Rebellion Transjordan 100
1924–1927 Great Syrian Revolt (Druze War) [8] Lebanese French Mandate Syria French Mandate Jabal Druze State of Damascus 
France
12,000
1924–1925 Second Nejd-Hejaz War [3] Sultanate of Nejd Kingdom of Hejaz 450
1925 Sheikh Said rebellion[9][3]  Turkey 15,000–250,500
1927–1930 Ikhwan Revolt [3] British Mandate of Mesopotamia
Kuwait Emirate
Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz		 2,000
1929 Palestine riots of 1929 [10][11]  British Mandate for Palestine 251
1930 Ararat rebellion [12][13][14][15][16]  Turkey Republic of Ararat 4,500–47,000
1933 Simele massacre[17]  Kingdom of Iraq 1,000–3,000
1934 Saudi-Yemeni War[18]  Saudi Arabia Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen 2,100
1935 Imam Reza shrine rebellion [19]  Imperial State of Iran 151
1936–1939 Arab Revolt in Palestine[20]  British Mandate for Palestine 5,000
1937 Dersim Rebellion [21][22]  Turkey 40,000–70,000
1938–1948 British-Zionist conflict [20]  British Mandate for Palestine 1,000
1939–1945 Middle East Theatre of World War II [23][b]  Kingdom of Iraq  Imperial State of Iran Kingdom of Egypt State of Greater Lebanon  British Mandate for Palestine Syrian Republic 46,000
1946 Egyptian Student Riots [24][25] Kingdom of Egypt 100–300
1946–1947 Iran crisis of 1946 [26][3][c]  Imperial State of Iran  Republic of Mahabad Azerbaijan People's Government  Soviet Union 2,000
1947– Israeli-Palestinian conflict  British Mandate for Palestine  Israel  Palestinian Authority Gaza Strip 14,500–20,000
1947–1948 Yahya clan coup [26] Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen 4,000–5,000
1948 Al-Wathbah uprising  Kingdom of Iraq 300–400
1948–1973 Arab-Israeli Wars [27][d] Kingdom of Egypt  Egypt  United Arab Republic  Syrian Republic  Syria  Jordan  Lebanon  Israel 43,000–62,468
1952 Egyptian Revolution [26] Kingdom of Egypt  Egypt 1,000
1953 1953 Iranian coup d'état [3][26][28]  Imperial State of Iran 300-800
1954-1960 Jebel Akhdar War [3] Sultanate of Muscat and Oman 100-500
1955–1959 Makarios crisis [17][20] Cyprus protectorate 400–600
1956–1960 Yemeni-Adenese clans violence [26]  Aden 1,000
1958 1958 Lebanon Crisis [17][26][29]  Lebanon 1,300–4,000
1958–1959 Iraqi Revolution[26]  Arab Federation  Iraq 2,000–4,000
1961–1970 First Kurdish Iraqi War [9][30]  Iraq  Iraq 105,000
1962–1970 North Yemen Civil War [30][31] Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen  Yemen  Saudi Arabia 100,000–200,000
1962–1975 Dhofar Rebellion [3]  Oman  Imperial State of Iran  Imperial State of Iran  Jordan Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman 10,000
1963 White Revolution (Iran) [3]  Imperial State of Iran 100
1963 1963 Ba'athist coup d'état in Iraq  Iraq  Iraq 5,000
1963 1963 Syrian coup d'état [32]  United Arab Republic  Syria 820
1963–1967 Aden Emergency [33]  Federation of South Arabia  South Yemen 2,096
1964 1964 Hama riot [34][35]  Syria 70–100
1966 1966 neo-Ba'athist coup d'état in Syria [3]  Syria 400
1970–1971 Jordan-Palestinian Civil War (Black September) [17]  Jordan  Lebanon 2,000–25,000
1974 Turkish invasion of Cyprus [18]  Turkey  Greece  Cyprus 965–2,000
1974–1975 Second Kurdish Iraqi War [36]  Iraq 9,000
1975–1990 Lebanese Civil War [9]  Lebanon  Federation of Arab Republics  Syria  Israel 150,000
1976–1979 Turkish civil strife [37][38][39]  Turkey 5,000–5,388
1976–1982 Islamic uprising in Syria [40]  Federation of Arab Republics  Syria 40,000
1977 1977 Egyptian Bread Riots [41][42]  Egypt 70–800
1977– Turkey – Kurdistan Workers' Party conflict [43]  Turkey  Iraq  Federation of Arab Republics  Syria  Iraqi Kurdistan 30,000–35,000
1978–1979 Iranian Revolution [44][45]  Imperial State of Iran  Iran 3,164–60,000
1978–1980 Kurdish Rebellion in Iran [46][47]  Iran 10,000
1979–1983 Saudi Eastern Province unrest [48]  Saudi Arabia 182–219
1979 Grand Mosque Seizure [49]  Saudi Arabia 307
1980 1980 Turkish coup d'état [50][51]  Turkey 127–550
1980 Iraqi Shia uprising (1st Sadr uprising)[52]  Iraq 1,000–30,000
1980–1988 Iran-Iraq war [18][53]  Iran  Iraq  Kuwait 1,000,000–1,250,000
1986 South Yemen Civil War [54]  South Yemen 5,000–12,000
1986 1986 Egyptian Conscription Riot [55]  Egypt 107
1986 1986 Damascus bombings  Syria 204
1987 Iranian pilgrim riot (Mecca massacre) [56]  Saudi Arabia 402
1990–1991 Gulf War [9]  Iraq  Kuwait  Saudi Arabia 40,000–57,000
1991 1991 uprisings in Iraq [52][57]  Iraq  Iraqi Kurdistan 50,000–100,000
1992–2000 Terrorism in Egypt [58]  Egypt 1,300–2,000
1994–1997 Iraqi Kurdish Civil War [59]  Iraqi Kurdistan 3,000
1994 1994 civil war in Yemen  Yemen 7,000–10,000
1995– Islamic Insurgency in Saudi Arabia  Saudi Arabia 300
1998 Operation Desert Fox [17][20]  Iraq 600–2,000
1999 Iraqi Shia uprising (2nd Sadr uprising)[60][3]  Iraq 100-200
2003–2010 Iraq War [61][62][63][64][65][66]  Iraq  Iraq  Iraqi Kurdistan 109,032–150,726
2003– Baluchi insurgency in Iran [67][68]  Iran 155-400
2004 Qamishli massacre (2004)[69][70]  Syria 30–100
2004–2010 Sa'dah insurgency [71][72][73]  Saudi Arabia  Yemen 8,000-25,000
2004–2011 Iran-PJAK conflict  Iran  Iraqi Kurdistan 300
2006 Second Lebanon War  Lebanon  Israel 1,900
2006– Fatah–Hamas conflict [74][75]  Palestinian Authority Gaza Strip 600–700
2007 Nahr al-Bared fighting  Lebanon 470–532
2008 2008 Lebanon conflict  Lebanon 105
2009– South Yemen Insurgency [76]  Yemen 1,554
2009–2010 Iranian election protests [77]  Iran 27–150
2010– Yemeni al-Qaeda crackdown [78][79]  Yemen 944
2010– Arab Spring[i]  Bahrain  Egypt  Syria  Yemen  Lebanon 32,052–37,752

Casualties breakdown

[a].^ Turkish War of Independence (combined figure 170,500-873,000+) of:

Greco-Turkish War - 70,000–400,000 casualties[9]
Franco-Turkish War - 40,000 casualties.
Turkish-Armenian War - 60,000–432,500 casualties.[80]
Koçkiri Rebellion - 500 killed.
Revolt of Ahmet Anzavur - unknown.
Kuva-i Inzibatiye revolt - unknown.

[b].^ Middle Eastern theatre of World War II 40,000 (combined casualty figure 12,338-14,898+) of:

Anglo-Iraqi War - at least 560 killed.[81][82]
Farhud 175-780 killed.
Syria-Lebanon Campaign 10,404-12,964 killed.
Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 100[3]-1,062 killed.
Bombing of Palestine in World War II 137 deaths.[83]

[c].^ Iran crisis of 1946 (combined casualty figure 1,921+) of:

Azerbaijan People's Republic crisis - 421 killed.[84]
Republic of Mahabad crisis - ~1,000 killed.
Civil interregnum - 500 killed.[85]

[d].^ Arab-Israeli Wars (combined casualty figure 51,438-62,468+) of:

Arab-Israeli War (1948-1949) - 14,400 casualties.
Retribution Operations (1950s) - 3,456 casualties.
Suez War (1956) - 3,203 killed.
Six Day War (1967) - 13,976 killed.
War of Attrition (1967-1970) - 6,403 killed.
Yom Kippur War (1973) 10,000–21,000.[86]

[e].^ North Yemen Civil War (combined 100,000-200,000 casualties):

1962 Coup d'état in Yemen
Ramadan offensive
Haradh offensive
Royalist offensive 1965
Siege of Sana'a 1967

[f].^ Lebanese Civil War (combined 38,372-43,010+ mortal casualties) of:

Bus massacre - 27 killed
Hundred Days' War - 160 killed
Karantina massacre - 1,000-1,500 killed
Damour massacre - 684 killed
Battle of the Hotels - 700 killed
Black Saturday (Lebanon) - 200-600 killed
Tel al-Zaatar massacre - 1,778-3,278 killed
1982 Lebanon War - 28,280 killed
Sabra and Shatila massacre - 762-3,500 killed
War of the Camps (1986-1987) - 3,781 killed
Mountain War - 1,600 killed
War of Liberation (1989-1990)

[g].^ Iran-Iraq war (combined death count 755,000-937,000+) of

Iraqi invasion 1980
Mujahedin al-Halq uprising 1981-1982
Liberation of Khorramshahr 1982 - 17,000 casualties
Operation Undeniable Victory 1982 - 50,000 mortal casualties
Operation Ramadan 1982 - 80,000 killed
Kurdish Rebellion 1983-1988 (including the Al-Anfal Campaign) 160,000-312,000 killed
Operation Before the Dawn 1983 - 6,000+ killed
Operation Dawn 3 - 162,000 killed
Operation Dawn 5 1984 - 50,000 killed
Operation Dawn 6 1984
Operation Khaibar 1984 - 49,000 killed
Tanker War 1984
Operation Badr (1985) - 30,000-32,000
War of the Cities 1985-1987
Operation Dawn-8 1986
Operation Karbala-4 1986 - 15,000 killed
Operation Karbala-5 - 85,000 killed
Operation Nasr 4
Operation Karbala-10
Operation Mersad 1987 - 4,900 killed
1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners 2,000[87] - 30,000 executed

[h].^ Iraq War (combined casualty figure of 150,000):

2003 invasion of Iraq
Iraqi insurgency (2003-2006)
Civil war in Iraq 2006-2008
Iraqi insurgency (2008-2011)
Iraqi insurgency (post US withdrawal)

[i].^ Arab Spring in Syria, Yemen, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Oman and Bahrain (combined casualty figure 6,100-7,900):

2011 Syrian uprising - 2,816-5,000
2011 Yemeni uprising - 1,784-1,870 killed
2011 Egyptian revolution - 846 killed
Aftermath of the Egyptian Revolution - 62-72[88][89][90][91] killed
2011 Bahraini uprising - 46 killed
2011 Lebanese protests - 18 killed
2011 Omani protests - 2-6 killed
2011 Saudi Arabian protests - 6 killed

See also


References

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  2. ^ Maria T. O'Shea. Trapped Between the Map and Reality: Geography and Perceptions of Kurdistan. Routledge, 2004: p.100 "Simultaneously, 1000 Christians were killed in Salmas, in a massacre instigated by Simko"
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  12. ^ Yusuf Mazhar, Cumhuriyet, 16 Temmuz 1930, ... Zilan harekatında imha edilenlerin sayısı 15,000 kadardır. Zilan Deresi ağzına kadar ceset dolmuştur...
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    [21]
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  78. ^ Government casualties AlArabiya
  79. ^ Al-Qaeda casualties: Foxnews [22], NYTimes [23], Washangton Post [24], Ynet News [25]
  80. ^ Vahakn N. Dadrian. (2003). The History of the Armenian Genocide: Ethnic Conflict from the Balkans to Anatolia to the Caucasus. New York: Berghahn Books, pp. 360–361. ISBN 1-5718-1666-6;
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  82. ^ Wavell, p. 3438
  83. ^ Maya Zamir, The Day of The bombing, Tel Aviv Magazine, 7th of September 2007 (Hebrew)
  84. ^ Nat. Arch. 891.00/1-1547, 15 January 1947. Touraj Atabaki, Azerbaijan: Ethnicity and the Struggle for Power in Iran. [Revised Edition of Azerbaijan, Ethnicity and Autonomy in the Twentieth-Century Iran] London: I.B.Tauris, 2000. pg 227. "A British source cited by the US Embassy in Tehran gives the number of killed Democrats as 421. The American Embass’s report has been classified under wash."
  85. ^ Tadeusz Swietochowski, Russia and Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition. New York: Columbia. University Press, 1995. p. 154. "Rossow conservatively estimated 500 killed during the lawless interregnum that preceded the coming of the Iranian troops. Hundreds of others were tried and jailed, and scores were hanged."
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  87. ^ [26]
  88. ^ Al-Arabiya. "At least 35 demonstrators were killed and more than 2,000 injured in five days of deadly street..." battles[27]
  89. ^ ... leaving behind 24 protesters dead, 329 injured and a divided and confused public
  90. ^ thedailynewsegypt.com "Thousands marched from the Coptic Orthodox Cathedral in Abbaseya to Tahrir Square on Friday, in memory of the 27 killed in the Oct. 9 crackdown on the Maspero protest."[28]
  91. ^ Three people were killed and 1,049 were wounded in the clashes that began on Friday and raged into the early hours of Saturday...